Atypical Complex Hyperplasia Endometrium Diagnosis, Survival Rate, Treatment

What is Atypical Complex Hyperplasia ?

Atypical complex hyperplasia of the endometrium is a disorder characterized by abnormal cell proliferation in the uterine lining. It has the potential to progress into endometrial cancer and is regarded as a precancerous disease. 

It is usually caused by an imbalance in hormone levels, mainly estrogen and progesterone. Other risk factors may include obesity, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), and certain drugs. The condition is more common in postmenopausal women, but it can also affect premenopausal women.

Endometrial hyperplasia is a disorder in which the uterine lining thickens excessively. Endometrial hyperplasia can be classified into two kinds based on the type of cell alterations in the endometrium:

• Simple endometrial hyperplasia (without atypia):This type comprises of normal cells that are not malignant. The condition might get better on its own.
• Complex atypical endometrial hyperplasia:This type is precancerous and arises from an abnormal proliferation of cells. It could develop into uterine or endometrial cancer if left untreated.

Atypical Complex Hyperplasia Diagnosis

Atypical complex hyperplasia is diagnosed using a variety of diagnostic techniques. These could include of a comprehensive assessment of one's medical history, a pelvic examination, an ultrasound, an endometrial biopsy, and a hysteroscopy. Staging is a crucial step in the diagnostic process since it clarifies the severity of the condition and directs therapy choices.

Atypical Complex Hyperplasia Survival rate

Endometrial hyperplasia of the atypical complex variety is more likely to progress to cancer. In one study, patients with an atypical endometrial hyperplasia diagnosis had a concomitant endometrial cancer risk of 30.8%. 

According to a different study, women with atypical complex hyperplasia had a 29.5% absolute risk of developing endometrial cancer during the course of a 20-year follow-up. 

However, it is essential to highlight that survival rates for endometrial cancer are determined by the stage of the cancer and other factors, not by the presence of atypical complex hyperplasia. According on the stage of the disease, the American Cancer Society provides endometrial cancer survival statistics. 

Treatment for Atypical Complex Hyperplasia

The mainstay treatment for atypical endometrial hyperplasia and early-stage endometrial cancer is a total hysterectomy and bilateral adnexectomy. However, if these problems are identified in women who are fertile, the suggested surgical therapy prevents subsequent pregnancies. 

Oral progestins have traditionally been the cornerstone of conservative management for atypical endometrial hyperplasia and stage IA endometrioid endometrial carcinoma without myometrial invasion, although there is no agreement on dosage and duration of treatment. When oral progestins are not tolerated, intrauterine progestin therapy has been shown to be an effective alternative. Progestins in combination with GnRH analogs, metformin, and hysteroscopic resection appear to improve the overall effectiveness of the therapy.