Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome Causes

There are more than 400 different chemicals in the cannabis plant, and almost 60 of them are cannabinoids. The pathophysiology of cannabinoids is simple, but the other chemical components make it difficult. These compounds have complex actions throughout the body. These chemicals show their effects in both the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system.

Increased intake of Marijuana is the main cause of cannabinoids hyperemesis syndrome. It imparts very complex effects on the body. Marijuana, when it affects the brain, imparts totally different effects of cannabinoids hyperemesis syndrome. It helps to treat or prevent vomiting and nausea. Marijuana is a useful drug that is used to stop nausea and vomiting and other symptoms in people having chemotherapy.

In the case of the digestive tract, Marijuana has the opposite effect. It may trigger nausea and vomiting in patients. Initially, the use of Marijuana Imparts calming effect because the messages of the Central nervous system are considered important than digestive tract messages. So Marijuana Impart anti-nausea effects initially. But if the patient starts taking the drug regularly with an increase in dose, then the receptors of brain cells become desensitized and stop responding to Marijuana. So this is considered the main cause of severe and repeated bouts of vomiting in people with cannabinoids hyperemesis syndrome.

There are two main theories that are proposed to understand the pathophysiology of cannabinoids hyperemesis syndrome. 1st one is the cannabinoid buildup theory, and 2nd one is the hypothalamic theory.

Both theories are based on the following concepts.

• The buildup of cannabinoids in the body due to increased dosing and toxicity. 
• Functioning of the receptors of the hypothalamus in the brain regarding Marijuana. 

The exact mechanism behind severe and uncontrollable vomiting is still unknown. Organic diseases are not considered a possible cause for cannabinoids hyperemesis syndrome.

Cannabinoid Buildup Theory

The fat-soluble Cannabinoid is tetrahydrocannabinol THC that can easily find it's way to store in person's fat as THC has long elimination half-life. So whenever a person feels stress and low energy, these stores of tetrahydrocannabinol THC start consuming themselves to produce energy for the body. That's how the already stored tetrahydrocannabinol THC starts releasing. Tetrahydrocannabinol THC can then move toward the bloodstream, and as a result, a high concentration of this Cannabinoid can be diagnosed. This mechanism is also termed as a "reintoxication effect." There is another cannabinoid named cannabigerol works by antagonizing the antiemetic effects.

Hypothalamic Theory

A Cannabinoid obtained from cannabis can increase the activity and functioning of cells of the hypothalamus in the brain. This Cannabinoid is named as cannabidiol. Along with this, tetrahydrocannabinol THC acts on a specific receptor of the brain to produce a hypothermic effect. It lowers body temperature. So a hot water bath helps a lot in reducing the symptoms of Cannabinoid.

Hyperemesis Syndrome

This was all about the possible causes of Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome. The compounds of cannabis, especially Marijuana, are responsible for causing this syndrome. At a low dose, it feels refreshing, but at high doses, it disturbs the whole system of the hypothalamus and digestive tract, leading to Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome.